JAVA高级面试进阶训练营视频教程

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项目中使用分布式并发部署定时任务，多台跨JVM，按照常理逻辑每个JVM的定时任务会各自运行，这样就会存在问题，多台分布式JVM机器的应用服务同时干活，一个是加重服务负担，另外一个是存在严重的逻辑问题，比如需要回滚的数据，就回滚了多次，刚好quartz提供很好的解决方案。 

集群分布式并发环境中使用QUARTZ定时任务调度，会在各个节点会上报任务，存到数据库中，执行时会从数据库中取出触发器来执行，如果触发器的名称和执行时间相同，则只有一个节点去执行此任务。

如果此节点执行失败，则此任务则会被分派到另一节点执行，中途也会自动检查失效的定时调度，发现不成功的，其他节点立马接过来继续完成定时任务。对应的定时任务调度表比较多，有11个。

此方法是结合Spring与quartz，实际解决方案如下：

####applicationContext-scheduler.xml###  spring 3.11

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/task       http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd">  <context:annotation-config />  <context:component-scan base-package="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule" />  <bean id="rollbackOrderStatus" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">   <property name="jobClass" value="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule" />   <property name="durability" value="true" />  </bean>  <bean id="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean">   <property name="jobDetail" ref="rollbackOrderStatus" />   <property name="cronExpression">    <value>0 0/5 * * * ?</value>   </property>   <property name="timeZone">    <value>GMT+8:00</value>   </property>  </bean>   <bean id="quartzScheduler" parent="baseQuartzScheduler">   <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" />   <property name="autoStartup" value="true" />   <!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server -->   <property name="schedulerName" value="apiQuartzScheduler" />   <!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! -->   <property name="triggers">    <list>     <ref bean="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" />    </list>   </property>   <property name="jobDetails">    <list>     <ref bean="rollbackOrderStatus" />    </list>   </property>  </bean>  <bean id="baseQuartzScheduler" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">   <!--   <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" />   -->   <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />   <property name="transactionManager" ref="transManager" />   <!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server -->   <property name="schedulerName" value="quartzScheduler" />   <!-- Will update database cron triggers to what is in this jobs file on each deploy. Replaces all previous trigger and job data that was in the database. YMMV -->   <property name="overwriteExistingJobs" value="true" />   <!--   <property name="autoStartup" value="true" />   -->   <property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext" />   <property name="jobFactory">    <bean class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory" />   </property>   <!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! -->   <!--   <property name="jobDetails">    <list>    </list>   </property>   <property name="triggers">    <list>    </list>   </property>   -->  </bean> </beans>

记得对应下面的三个类文件。

###quartz.properties###

# Using Spring datasource in quartzJobsConfig.xml
# Spring uses LocalDataSourceJobStore extension of JobStoreCMT org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties=true org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix=QRTZ_ org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered=true # 10 mins org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval=600000 org.quartz.scheduler.skipUpdateCheck=true # Change this to match your DB vendor org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate # Needed to manage cluster instances org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId=AUTO org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName=MY_JOB_SCHEDULER org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.export=false org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.proxy=false org.quartz.threadPool.class=org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount=10 org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority=5 org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread=true # Configure Plugins org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.class = \ org.quartz.plugins.history.LoggingTriggerHistoryPlugin org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerFiredMessage = \ Trigger \{1\}.\{0\} fired job \{6\}.\{5\} at: \{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy} org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerCompleteMessage = \ Trigger \{1\}.\{0\} completed firing job \{6\}.\{5\} at \{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy\}.

quartz定时调度常用时间点设置

"0 0 12 * * ?"                     Fire at 12pm (noon) every day "0 15 10 ? * *" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ?" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ? *" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ? 2005" Fire at 10:15am every day during the year 2005 "0 * 14 * * ?" Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:59pm, every day "0 0/5 14 * * ?" Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, every day "0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, AND fire every 5 minutes starting at 6pm and ending at 6:55pm, every day "0 0-5 14 * * ?" Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:05pm, every day "0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" Fire at 2:10pm and at 2:44pm every Wednesday in the month of March. "0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" Fire at 10:15am every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday "0 15 10 15 * ?" Fire at 10:15am on the 15th day of every month "0 15 10 L * ?" Fire at 10:15am on the last day of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L" Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L" Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" Fire at 10:15am on every last Friday of every month during the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 "0 15 10 ? * 6#3" Fire at 10:15am on the third Friday of every month

真实运行的业务类：ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule.java

应为要持久化等特性操作,需要继承 QuartzJobBean

由于要被持久化,所以不能存放xxxxManager类似对象,

只能从每次从QuartzJobBean注入的ApplicationContext 中去取出

继承QuartzJobBean，实现方法executeInternal

package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext; import org.quartz.JobExecutionException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.dennis.walking.api.service.OrderService; @Component public class ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule extends QuartzJobBean {   private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());   @Autowired  OrderService orderService;    protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)    throws JobExecutionException {   log.info("dennis test execute schedule start ");   try {    orderService.releaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus();   } catch (Exception e) {    e.printStackTrace();    log.error("execute ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus schedule error:"      + e.getMessage());   }   log.info("dennis test exxcute schedule end");  } }

持久化数据：PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean.java  保存数据到数据库中

package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;

import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailAwareTrigger; /** * Needed to set Quartz useProperties=true when using Spring classes, because * Spring sets an object reference on JobDataMap that is not a String * * @see http://site.trimplement.com/using-spring-and-quartz-with-jobstore-properties * / * @see http * ://forum.springsource.org/showthread.php?130984-Quartz-error-IOException */ public class PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean extends CronTriggerFactoryBean {  @Override  public void afterPropertiesSet() {   super.afterPropertiesSet();   System.out.println("PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean-------------------");   // Remove the JobDetail element   getJobDataMap().remove(JobDetailAwareTrigger.JOB_DETAIL_KEY);  } }

###AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory.java### 使用spring的 bean文件时，需要使用此类

package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;

import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SpringBeanJobFactory; /** * Autowire Quartz Jobs with Spring context dependencies * * @see http * ://stackoverflow.com/questions/6990767/inject-bean-reference-into-a-quartz * -job-in-spring/15211030#15211030 */ public final class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory   implements ApplicationContextAware {  private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory;  public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext context) {   beanFactory = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();  }  @Override  protected Object createJobInstance(final TriggerFiredBundle bundle)    throws Exception {   final Object job = super.createJobInstance(bundle);   beanFactory.autowireBean(job);   System.out.println("AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory-------------------");   return job;  } }

###tables_mysql.sql###  需要建立的11张表

#
# Quartz seems to work best with the driver mysql-connector-java-5.1.34-bin.jar
# 
# PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues
#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set # org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate # DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS; CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL, JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL, IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL, NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, PRIORITY INTEGER NULL, TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL, START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL, MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL, REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL, TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80), PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL, STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL, STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL, INT_PROP_1 INT NULL, INT_PROP_2 INT NULL, LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL, LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL, DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL, BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL, STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME) ); commit; ###如果定时任务比较多，建议增加索引提升速度。 /* reate index idx_qrtz_j_req_recovery on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY); create index idx_qrtz_j_grp on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_j on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_jg on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_c on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME); create index idx_qrtz_t_g on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_n_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_n_g_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_next_fire_time on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire_grp on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_ft_trig_inst_name on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME); create index idx_qrtz_ft_inst_job_req_rcvry on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY); create index idx_qrtz_ft_j_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_jg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_t_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_tg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); */

本文测试软件环境使用的jar版本是：

quartz-2.2.1.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.34.jar

linux apache-tomcat-7.0.47 ava version "1.7.0_72" 64位

windows7  java version "1.7.0_45"  64位 jetty

Quartz是一个开放源码项目，专注于任务调度器，提供了极为广泛的特性如持久化任务，集群和分布式任务等。 Quartz核心是调度器，还采用多线程管理。

1.持久化任务：当应用程序停止运行时，所有调度信息不被丢失，当你重新启动时，调度信息还存在，这就是持久化任务（保存到数据库表中）。

2.集群和分布式处理：当在集群环境下，当有配置Quartz的多个客户端时（节点），采用Quartz的集群和分布式处理时，我们要了解几点好处

1) 一个节点无法完成的任务，会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。

2） Quartz调度是通过触发器的类别来识别不同的任务，在不同的节点定义相同的触发器的类别，这样在集群下能稳定的运行，一个节点无法完成的任务，会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。

3）分布式体现在当相同的任务定时在一个时间点，在那个时间点，不会被两个节点同时执行。

Quartz的 Task（11 张表）实例化采用数据库存储，基于数据库引擎及 High-Available 的策略（集群的一种策略）自动协调每个节点的 Quartz。