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Python PEP8 代码规范常见问题及解决方法

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    发表于 2021-6-13 09:51:25 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

    之前一直用 Python IDLE 写代码,最近换成 PyCharm 写代码总是会出现波浪号,这才了解到 Python 的 PEP8 代码规范,所以将常见的 PEP8 代码规范问题和解决方法记录一下,学习一下,遇到了再持续更新,养成良好的习惯,编写规范的代码!


    • PEP 8: no newline at end of file
      解决方法:代码末尾需要另起一行,光标移到最后回车即可

    • PEP 8: indentation is not a multiple of four
      解决方法:缩进不是4的倍数,检查缩进

    • PEP 8: over-indented
      解决方法:过度缩进,检查缩进

    • PEP 8: missing whitespace after’,’
      解决方法:逗号后面少了空格,添加空格即可,类似还有分号或者冒号后面少了空格

    • PEP 8: multiple imports on one line
      解决方法:不要在一句 import 中引用多个库,举例:import socket, urllib.error最好写成:import socket import urllib.error

    • PEP 8: blank line at end of line
      解决方法:代码末尾行多了空格,删除空格即可

    • PEP 8: at least two spaces before inline comment
      解决方法:代码与注释之间至少要有两个空格

    • PEP 8: block comment should start with ‘#’
      解决方法:注释要以#加一个空格开始

    • PEP 8: inline comment should start with ‘#’
      解决方法:注释要以#加一个空格开始

    • PEP 8: module level import not at top of file
      解决方法:import不在文件的最上面,可能之前还有其它代码

    • PEP 8: expected 2 blank lines,found 0
      解决方法:需要两条空白行,添加两个空白行即可

    • PEP 8: function name should be lowercase
      解决方法:函数名改成小写即可

    • PEP 8: missing whitespace around operator
      解决方法:操作符(’=’、’>’、’<'等)前后缺少空格,加上即可

    • PEP 8: unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals
      解决方法:关键字/参数等号周围出现意外空格,去掉空格即可

    • PEP 8: multiple statements on one line (colon)
      解决方法:多行语句写到一行了,比如:if x == 2: print('OK')要分成两行写

    • PEP 8: line too long (82 > 79 characters)
      解决方法:超过了每行的最大长度限制79


    如果想要选择性忽略PEP8代码风格的警告信息可以使用以下方法:(养成良好的习惯,编写规范的代码!不推荐忽略!)

    ①将鼠标移到出现警告信息的地方,按 alt+Enter,选择忽略(Ignore)这个错误即可:
    在这里插入图片描述
    ②依次选择 File - Settings - Editor - Inspections,在 Python下找到 PEP8 coding style violation 选项,在右下角的 Ignore errors 里点击加号可以添加需要忽略的警告信息ID(ID信息见后面附录),例如想要忽略indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs这个警告,只需要添加其ID:E101 即可
    在这里插入图片描述
    附录:全部警告信息以及对应的ID,官方地址:https://pep8.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html#error-codes

    code sample message
    E1 Indentation
    E101 indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs
    E111 indentation is not a multiple of four
    E112 expected an indented block
    E113 unexpected indentation
    E114 indentation is not a multiple of four (comment)
    E115 expected an indented block (comment)
    E116 unexpected indentation (comment)
    E117 over-indented
    E121 (*^) continuation line under-indented for hanging indent
    E122 (^) continuation line missing indentation or outdented
    E123 (*) closing bracket does not match indentation of opening bracket’s line
    E124 (^) closing bracket does not match visual indentation
    E125 (^) continuation line with same indent as next logical line
    E126 (*^) continuation line over-indented for hanging indent
    E127 (^) continuation line over-indented for visual indent
    E128 (^) continuation line under-indented for visual indent
    E129 (^) visually indented line with same indent as next logical line
    E131 (^) continuation line unaligned for hanging indent
    E133 (*) closing bracket is missing indentation
    E2 Whitespace
    E201 whitespace after ‘(‘
    E202 whitespace before ‘)’
    E203 whitespace before ‘:’
    E211 whitespace before ‘(‘
    E221 multiple spaces before operator
    E222 multiple spaces after operator
    E223 tab before operator
    E224 tab after operator
    E225 missing whitespace around operator
    E226 (*) missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
    E227 missing whitespace around bitwise or shift operator
    E228 missing whitespace around modulo operator
    E231 missing whitespace after ‘,’, ‘;’, or ‘:’
    E241 (*) multiple spaces after ‘,’
    E242 (*) tab after ‘,’
    E251 unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals
    E261 at least two spaces before inline comment
    E262 inline comment should start with ‘# ‘
    E265 block comment should start with ‘# ‘
    E266 too many leading ‘#’ for block comment
    E271 multiple spaces after keyword
    E272 multiple spaces before keyword
    E273 tab after keyword
    E274 tab before keyword
    E275 missing whitespace after keyword
    E3 Blank line
    E301 expected 1 blank line, found 0
    E302 expected 2 blank lines, found 0
    E303 too many blank lines (3)
    E304 blank lines found after function decorator
    E305 expected 2 blank lines after end of function or class
    E306 expected 1 blank line before a nested definition
    E4 Import
    E401 multiple imports on one line
    E402 module level import not at top of file
    E5 Line length
    E501 (^) line too long (82 > 79 characters)
    E502 the backslash is redundant between brackets
    E7 Statement
    E701 multiple statements on one line (colon)
    E702 multiple statements on one line (semicolon)
    E703 statement ends with a semicolon
    E704 (*) multiple statements on one line (def)
    E711 (^) comparison to None should be ‘if cond is None:’
    E712 (^) comparison to True should be ‘if cond is True:’ or ‘if cond:’
    E713 test for membership should be ‘not in’
    E714 test for object identity should be ‘is not’
    E721 (^) do not compare types, use ‘isinstance()’
    E722 do not use bare except, specify exception instead
    E731 do not assign a lambda expression, use a def
    E741 do not use variables named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
    E742 do not define classes named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
    E743 do not define functions named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
    E9 Runtime
    E901 SyntaxError or IndentationError
    E902 IOError
    W1 Indentation warning
    W191 indentation contains tabs
    W2 Whitespace warning
    W291 trailing whitespace
    W292 no newline at end of file
    W293 blank line contains whitespace
    W3 Blank line warning
    W391 blank line at end of file
    W5 Line break warning
    W503 (*) line break before binary operator
    W504 (*) line break after binary operator
    W505 (*^) doc line too long (82 > 79 characters)
    W6 Deprecation warning
    W601 .has_key() is deprecated, use ‘in’
    W602 deprecated form of raising exception
    W603 ‘<>’ is deprecated, use ‘!=’
    W604 backticks are deprecated, use ‘repr()’
    W605 invalid escape sequence ‘x’
    W606 ‘async’ and ‘await’ are reserved keywords starting with Python 3.7
    哎...今天够累的,签到来了1...
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