目前版本是Asp.Net Core v1.1,这个版本的感觉对Http请求中的错误处理方便不是很完善。
没有HttpException异常类,不能在任何的地方自由的抛出对应的异常状态。
一、默认的异常处理配置
1.默认配置在StartUp文件的Configure中注册错误处理
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
loggerFactory.AddConsole(Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
loggerFactory.AddDebug();
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}
}
特别说明:
1.env.IsDevelopment() 用于判断当前运行环境是否是测试环境
2.app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); 如果是测试环境则启用开发者异常页面
开发者异常页面
当在Web处理管道放生了一个位置异常时,开发者异常页面会显示有用的调试信息。页面包含几个选项卡显示Stack、Query、Cookie、Header异常信息。
3.app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error"); 在正式运行环境中输出异常的内容信息。
4.默认的异常处理对于404没有处理,如果是404的地址则返回空内容。
5.业务逻辑404的抛出
使用状态视图
public IActionResult Test2()
{
//手动抛出404 页面
return StatusCode(404, "你要访问的页面不存在");
}
或者修改相应上下文的状态码
@{
//自定义抛出404异常
this.Context.Response.StatusCode = 404;
}
<h1>404状态的页面</h1>
二、错误处理扩展,使用委托
1.
//此处的404页面,只能用于处理路由中不匹配的404页面
//如果是程序逻辑中的404不予以处理
//并且对于程序中Exception 也不做处理,直接相应500,内容为空
RequestDelegate handler = async context =>
{
var resp = context.Response;
if (resp.StatusCode == 404)
{
await resp.WriteAsync($"当前是404页面,暂时没有获取到异常内容");
}
};
app.UseStatusCodePages(builder =>
{
builder.Run(handler);
});
2.
//使用StatusCodePagesMiddleware 指定状态对应的显示页面
Func<StatusCodeContext, Task> handler = async context =>
{
var resp = context.HttpContext.Response;
if (resp.StatusCode == 404)
{
//需要 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
await resp.WriteAsync($"当前是404页面,暂时没有获取到异常内容", Encoding.UTF8);
}
else if (resp.StatusCode == 500)
{
await resp.WriteAsync($"当前是500页面,暂时没有获取到异常内容", Encoding.UTF8);
}
};
app.UseStatusCodePages(handler);
三、错误处理扩展,使用自定义扩展类
Asp.Net Core三种呈现错误也的方式都可以扩展
1.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware中间件的扩展可以自定义开发者异常页面,当前略过
2.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware中间件,可以自定义扩展异常处理
示例,处理异常并制定异常的响应页面
public class ErrorHandlingMiddleware
{
private RequestDelegate _next;
private ExceptionHandlerOptions _options;
public ErrorHandlingMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IOptions<ExceptionHandlerOptions> options)
{
_next = next;
_options = options.Value;
}
public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
try
{
await _next(context);
}
catch
{
//虽然此处指定500,但是出现异常,再次执行异常页面则响应的是200
context.Response.StatusCode = 500;
context.Response.Clear();
if (_options.ExceptionHandlingPath.HasValue)
{
context.Request.Path = _options.ExceptionHandlingPath;
}
RequestDelegate handler = _options.ExceptionHandler ?? _next;
await handler(context);
}
}
}
使用扩展方法为IApplicationBuilder扩展内容
public static class ErrorHandlingExtensions
{
public static IApplicationBuilder UseErrorHandling(this IApplicationBuilder builder, ExceptionHandlerOptions options)
{
return builder.UseMiddleware<ErrorHandlingMiddleware>(Options.Create(options));
}
}
在 Configure中注册当前错误处理
//使用自定义异常处理
app.UseErrorHandling(new ExceptionHandlerOptions()
{
//注意此处的路径不能使用~符号
ExceptionHandlingPath = "/Home/Error"
});
3.StatusCodePagesMiddleware中间件可以根据正常的相应内容(没有抛出异常的情况下) 扩展状态相应页面
public interface IStatusCodePagesFeature
{
bool Enabled { get; set; }
}
public class StatusCodePagesFeature : IStatusCodePagesFeature
{
public bool Enabled { get; set; } = true;
}
public class StatusCodePagesMiddleware
{
private RequestDelegate _next;
private StatusCodePagesOptions _options;
public StatusCodePagesMiddleware(RequestDelegate next,
IOptions<StatusCodePagesOptions> options)
{
_next = next;
_options = options.Value;
}
public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
//可以用于阻止异常处理
StatusCodePagesFeature feature = new StatusCodePagesFeature();
context.Features.Set<IStatusCodePagesFeature>(feature);
await _next(context);
HttpResponse response = context.Response;
//对于响应的状态编码,返回内容
//if ((response.StatusCode >= 400 && response.StatusCode <= 599) && !response.ContentLength.HasValue && string.IsNullOrEmpty(response.ContentType))
if (response.StatusCode >= 400 && response.StatusCode <= 599 && feature.Enabled)
{
//触发 默认处理
//await _options.HandleAsync(new StatusCodeContext(context, _options, _next));
//对于非异常的页面,执行Clear抛出异常
//response.Clear();
//response.Body.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
await response.WriteAsync($"当前HttpCode={response.StatusCode}");
}
}
}
使用扩展方法注册中间件
public static class ErrorHandlingExtensions
{//注册3中处理方式
public static IApplicationBuilder UseStatusCodeHandling(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
{
return builder.UseMiddleware<StatusCodePagesMiddleware>();
}
public static IApplicationBuilder UseStatusCodeHandling(this IApplicationBuilder app, StatusCodePagesOptions options)
{
return app.UseMiddleware<StatusCodePagesMiddleware>(Options.Create(options));
}
public static IApplicationBuilder UseStatusCodeHandling(this IApplicationBuilder app, Func<StatusCodeContext, Task> handler)
{
return app.UseStatusCodePages(new StatusCodePagesOptions
{
HandleAsync = handler
});
}
}
在Configure中注册使用
Func<StatusCodeContext, Task> handler = async context =>
{
var resp = context.HttpContext.Response;
//在以下的相应数据时,会清空原页面的相应内容
if (resp.StatusCode == 404)
{
//需要 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
await resp.WriteAsync($"当前是404页面,暂时没有获取到异常内容", Encoding.UTF8);
}
else if (resp.StatusCode == 500)
{
await resp.WriteAsync($"当前是500页面,暂时没有获取到异常内容", Encoding.UTF8);
}
};
app.UseStatusCodeHandling(handler);
4.可以在扩展中综合使用处理,如下示例
public class ErrorHandlingMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate next;
private ExceptionHandlerOptions _options;
public ErrorHandlingMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IOptions<ExceptionHandlerOptions> options)
{
this.next = next;
this._options = options.Value;
}
public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
try
{
await next(context);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
var statusCode = context.Response.StatusCode;
if (ex is ArgumentException)
{
statusCode = 200;
}
await HandleExceptionAsync(context, statusCode, ex.Message);
}
finally
{
var statusCode = context.Response.StatusCode;
var msg = "";
if (statusCode == 401)
{
msg = "未授权";
}
else if (statusCode == 404)
{
//msg = "未找到服务";
//如果是404 返回404页面
if (_options.ExceptionHandlingPath.HasValue)
{
context.Request.Path = _options.ExceptionHandlingPath;
}
RequestDelegate handler = _options.ExceptionHandler ?? next;
await handler(context);
}
else if (statusCode == 502)
{
msg = "请求错误";
}
else if (statusCode != 200)
{
msg = "未知错误";
}
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(msg))
{
await HandleExceptionAsync(context, statusCode, msg);
}
}
}
private static Task HandleExceptionAsync(HttpContext context, int statusCode, string msg)
{
var data = new { code = statusCode.ToString(), is_success = false, msg = msg };
var result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { data = data });
try
{
//特别说明ContentType属性在 HttpResponse初始化完成之后就不能修改了
//如果试图修改则抛出异常
//异常内容:Headers are read-only, response has already started.
//context.Response.ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
//特别说明对于准备输出的Response,执行Clear()清空抛出异常
//The response cannot be cleared, it has already started sending.
context.Response.Clear();
//判断输出流是否已经开始
//context.Response.HasStarted
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//throw ex;
}
//清楚已经完成的相应内容
return context.Response.WriteAsync(result);
}
}
View Code
原文参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/artech/p/error-handling-in-asp-net-core-1.html
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