JAVA高级面试进阶训练营视频教程

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因为有些人使用爬虫访问web，浪费服务器资源不说还会影响正常用户，所以需要限制爬虫ip，本可以通过nginx或者防火墙限制，但需要重新编译nginx，开启防火墙怕又不知道会影响到哪些程序，所以

想用/etc/hosts.deny文件限制某些ip访问web的，于是配置了http:124.90.*.* 发现根本没用，但我之前使用该文件是可以限制ip ssh的，为什么现在不能限制http了呢，

于是上网搜了下，发现如下内容：

hosts.allow和hosts.deny规则的执行者为TCP wrappers，对应守护进程为tcpd；而tcpd执行依赖于程序使用了libwrap库。

也就是说：hosts.allow和hosts.deny支持且只支持使用了libwrap库的服务。

那如何查看程序是否使用libwarp？有俩种方法：

方法一、查看hosts_access字段串

查看应用程序是否支持 wrapper，可以使用 strings 程序然后 grep 字符串 hosts_access：

方法二、使用ldd，

ldd /usr/sbin/sshd | grep libwrap

查测发现使用xinetd的都可以、sshd可以、vsftpd可以，nginx httpd则不可以。



继续寻找方法时发现可以调用负载均衡相关api结果，于是乎采用了此方法

'''
先安装模块，主要有两个，一个是核心模块，必须安装 pip install aliyun-python-sdk-core
另一个是你要修改哪个产品，本次是更改负载均衡，所以安装  pip install aliyun-python-sdk-slb  ,其他产品参考 https://developer.aliyun.com/tools/sdk#/python
功能：每隔10分钟分析各个服务器日志，查看是否有异常IP调用短信接口(单个IP一分钟内调用短信接口10次视为异常IP)，如有则把IP加入黑名单，2个小时后解封
'''

#!/usr/bin/python
from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient
from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ClientException
from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ServerException
from aliyunsdkslb.request.v20140515.AddAccessControlListEntryRequest import AddAccessControlListEntryRequest
from aliyunsdkslb.request.v20140515.RemoveAccessControlListEntryRequest import RemoveAccessControlListEntryRequest

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
import paramiko,re,logging,os
import time,datetime,json

#过滤日志，最近一分钟调用短信接口超过10次的ip
def check_log(host,file):
    # 创建SSH对象
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    # 连接服务器

    try:
        ssh.connect(host, port=22, username='root', password='******$%^')
        # 执行命令, 过滤日志，最近一分钟调用短信接口超过10次的ip
        one_min_time = (datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")  #一分钟前时间
        shell = "sed -n '/%s/,$p' %s | grep regip | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d : -f2 | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -5 | awk '{if ($1 >9)print $2}'" % (one_min_time,file)
        #print(shell)
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(shell)
        # 获取命令结果
        result = stdout.read().decode(encoding = "utf-8")

        deny_host_re = re.compile(r'\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}')  #待拒绝ip的正则表达式
        deny_host_list = deny_host_re.findall(result)
        if deny_host_list:
            for deny_host in deny_host_list:
                now_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
                shell = 'cat %s  | grep "%s" | wc -l' % (deny_file,deny_host)
                if int(os.popen(shell).read()) == 0:      #判断当前IP是否已存在黑名单，避免重复操作
                    f = open(deny_file, "a", encoding='utf-8')
                    str_info = now_time + "  " + deny_host + "  " + "服务器地址:" + host + "\n"  #文本格式：封禁时间  待封IP  待封IP所在服务器地址
                    logging.info("str_info: %s" % str_info)
                    f.write(str_info)
                    f.close()
                    slb_add_host(deny_host,accessKeyId,accessSecret,acl_id)   #执行添加黑名单动作
                else:
                    logging.info("IP:%s 已存在黑名单中" % deny_host)

        else:
            logging.info("主机:%s 本次检测无异常~" % host)

    except Exception as e:
        logging.error("主机:%s 连接失败，原因：%s" % ( host,e ) )
    # 关闭连接
    ssh.close()

#ip加入黑名单时发送邮件提醒
#这种发邮件是使用服务器上邮件服务器，需要在服务器/etc/mail.rc里进行相应配置
# def send_mail(host,str):
#     try:
#         shell = '''
#                 echo -e "短信接口异常调用IP:%s\n状态:%s"|mail -s "短信接口异常调用"   zhangpan@tan66.com
#                 ''' % (host,str)
#         os.system(shell)
#         logging.info("封禁通知邮件发送成功")
#     except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
#         logging.error("发送邮件失败，原因：%s" % e)

#这种更灵活方便，无需在服务器上配置
def send_mail(host,str):
    # 第三方 SMTP 服务
    mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"  # 设置服务器
    mail_user = "********@tan66.com"  # 用户名
    mail_pass = "********"  # 密码

    sender = '******@tan66.com'
    receivers = ['*******@tan66.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱

    message = MIMEText('短信接口异常调用IP:%s\n状态:%s!'% (host,str), 'plain', 'utf-8')
    message['From'] = Header("短信接口", 'utf-8')
    message['To'] = Header("研发组", 'utf-8')

    subject = '短信接口异常调用'
    message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

    try:
        smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host,465) # 465 为腾讯企业邮箱SMTP SSL端口号
        smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
        logging.info("邮件发送成功")
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        logging.error("发送邮件失败，原因：%s" % e)



#阿里云slb访问控制里添加ip
def slb_add_host(host,accessKeyId,accessSecret,acl_id):
    client = AcsClient(accessKeyId, accessSecret, 'cn-hangzhou')  # 阿里云账号的key
    request = AddAccessControlListEntryRequest()  # 本次api调用的接口，接口有很多，可参考https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/27570.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.622.3b735682J2ldXT
    request.set_accept_format('json')

    try:
        host = host + "/32"
        request.set_AclEntrys([{"entry": host, "comment": "deny"}])  # 需要拒绝的ip
        request.set_AclId(acl_id)  # 负载均衡安全组id
        response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)  # 执行操作
        logging.info(str(response, encoding='utf-8'))  # 查看调用接口结果
        logging.info("slb添加异常IP:%s成功！" % host)
        send_mail(host, str="添加至黑名单")
    except BaseException as e:
        logging.error("添加黑名单失败，原因：%s" % e)



#slb删除ip
def slb_del_host(host,accessKeyId,accessSecret,acl_id):
    host = str(host) + "/32"
    logging.info("正在解封IP：%s" % host)
    try:
        client = AcsClient(accessKeyId, accessSecret, 'cn-hangzhou')
        request = RemoveAccessControlListEntryRequest()
        request.set_accept_format('json')
        request.set_AclEntrys([{"entry": host, "comment": "deny"}])
        request.set_AclId(acl_id)

        client.do_action_with_exception(request)
        logging.info("slb删除IP:%s成功" % host)  # 查看调用接口结果
        send_mail(host, str="移出黑名单")
    except BaseException as e:
        logging.error("移出黑名单失败，原因：%s" % e)

# 删除slb里黑名单ip
def del_text(deny_file):
    with open(deny_file, "r", encoding='utf-8') as f:
        data = f.read()
    logging.info("黑名单文件：%s" % deny_file)
    if data:
        d_list = []  # 解封ip清单
        with open(deny_file, "r", encoding='utf-8') as f:
            lines = f.readlines()
            # logging.info("lines:%s" % lines)
            for line in lines:
                if line.strip().lstrip():
                    time1 = line.split("  ")[0]  # 获取文本中被封ip的时间
                    time2 = time.mktime(time.strptime(time1, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'))  # 将时间转换给时间戳
                    time3 = int(now_time - time2)  # 解封倒计时
                    host = line.split("  ")[1].strip().lstrip()
                    if time3 > 7200:
                        slb_del_host(host, accessKeyId, accessSecret, acl_id)
                        d_list.append(host)
                    else:
                        logging.info("%-15s 预计%s 秒解封" % (host, 7200 - time3))
        for deny in d_list:
            shell = "sed -i '/%s/d' %s" % (deny, deny_file)
            os.system(shell)
            logging.info("文本中删除黑名单ip：%s" % deny)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    accessKeyId = '*********'               #key  需要登录阿里云账号获取
    accessSecret = '********'
    acl_id = 'acl-**********'           #负载均衡安全组id
    log_file = '/var/log/msg-api.log'
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    deny_file = BASE_DIR + "/deny.hosts"
    if not os.path.exists(log_file):
        os.mknod(log_file)
    if not os.path.exists(deny_file):
        os.mknod(deny_file)
    now_time = time.time()
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                        format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                        filename=log_file,
                        filemode='a+')

    logging.info("starting")
    host_dict = {"10.253.168.*":"api",
                 "10.253.208.*":"api",
                 "10.253.210.*":"cs",
                 "10.253.210.*":"cs",
                 }
    api_log_file = '/data1/application/api/tomcat/logs/catalina.out'
    cs_log_file = '/data1/application/cs/tomcat-1/logs/catalina.out'
    oss_log_file = '/data1/application/server/tomcat-2/logs/catalina.out'
    for host in host_dict:
        if host_dict[host] == "api":
            check_log(host,api_log_file)
        else:
            check_log(host,cs_log_file)
            check_log(host,oss_log_file)

    del_text(deny_file)

 

如果日志使用了es收集，则更方便操作

'''
先安装模块，主要有两个，一个是核心模块，必须安装 pip install aliyun-python-sdk-core
另一个是你要修改哪个产品，本次是更改负载均衡，所以安装  pip install aliyun-python-sdk-slb  ,其他产品参考 https://developer.aliyun.com/tools/sdk#/python
功能：每隔10分钟分析各个服务器日志，查看是否有异常IP调用短信接口(单个IP一分钟内调用短信接口10次视为异常IP)，如有则把IP加入黑名单，2个小时后解封
'''

#!/usr/bin/python
from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient
from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ClientException
from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ServerException
from aliyunsdkslb.request.v20140515.AddAccessControlListEntryRequest import AddAccessControlListEntryRequest
from aliyunsdkslb.request.v20140515.RemoveAccessControlListEntryRequest import RemoveAccessControlListEntryRequest
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
import paramiko,re,logging,os
import time,datetime,json



class slb:
    accessKeyId  =  '********'                  # key  需要登录阿里云账号获取
    accessSecret =  '********'
    acl_id       =  'acl-****'         # 负载均衡安全组id
    log_file     =  '/var/log/msg-api.log'
    BASE_DIR     =  os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    deny_file    =  BASE_DIR + "/deny.hosts"

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                        format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                        filename=log_file,
                        filemode='a+')

    logging.info("starting")
    def __init__(self,index):
        self.index = index

    def start(self):
        if not os.path.exists(slb.log_file):
            os.mknod(slb.log_file)
        if not os.path.exists(slb.deny_file):
            os.mknod(slb.deny_file)


    def chack_log(self):
        self.start()
        es=Elasticsearch("10.253.**.**",port=9200)
        body = {
                  "query": {
                    "bool": {
                      "must": [
                        {
                          "match": {
                            "message": "regip"
                          }
                        },
                        {
                          "range": {
                            "@timestamp": {
                              "gte": "now-1m",
                              "lte": "now",
                              "format": "epoch_millis"
                            }
                          }
                        }
                      ],
                      "must_not": []
                    }
                  }
                }
        logging.info(f"开始检查{index}日志")
        result = es.search(index=self.index, body=body)  #返回字典形式
        result1 = json.dumps(result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) #返回格式化形式，方便查看，但不是字典
        if result["hits"]["total"] > 9:   #es查询结果大于9  表示可能有用户异常调用短信接口
            ip_list = []
            ip_dict = {}
            try:
                #获取一分钟内调用短信接口的所有IP
                for info in result["hits"]["hits"]:
                    log_info = info["_source"]["log_info"]
                    deny_host_re = re.compile(r'\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}')  # ip的正则表达式
                    deny_host = re.search(deny_host_re,log_info).group()
                    ip_list.append(deny_host)
                # 统计各个IP调用结果次数
                for deny_ip in ip_list:
                    if deny_ip in ip_dict:
                        ip_dict[deny_ip] += 1
                    else:
                        ip_dict[deny_ip] = 1
                #判断异常IP是否已存在，不存在则执行添加黑名单操作
                for deny_host,count in ip_dict.items():  #遍历字典，deny_host为调用短信接口的ip  count为调用次数
                    if count > 2:
                        now_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
                        shell = f'cat {slb.deny_file}  | grep "{deny_host}" | wc -l'
                        if int(os.popen(shell).read()) == 0:  # 判断当前IP是否已存在黑名单，避免重复操作
                            f = open(slb.deny_file, "a", encoding='utf-8')
                            str_info = now_time + "  " + deny_host + "  " + f"web:{index}" + "\n"  # 文本格式：封禁时间  待封IP  web服务器
                            logging.info(f"{str_info}str_info: %s")
                            f.write(str_info)
                            f.close()
                            self.slb_add_host(deny_host)  # 执行添加黑名单动作
                            logging.info("执行添加黑名单操作")
                        else:
                            logging.info(f"IP:{deny_host} 已存在黑名单中")
            except BaseException as e:
                logging.error(f"检查{index}日志时发现错误，错误信息:{e}")
        else:
            logging.info(f"{index} 本次检测无异常")



     #添加ip至黑名单
    def slb_add_host(self,host):
        client = AcsClient(self.accessKeyId, self.accessSecret, 'cn-hangzhou')  # 阿里云账号的key
        request = AddAccessControlListEntryRequest()  # 本次api调用的接口，接口有很多，可参考https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/27570.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.622.3b735682J2ldXT
        request.set_accept_format('json')
        try:
            host = host + "/32"
            request.set_AclEntrys([{"entry": host, "comment": "deny"}])  # 需要拒绝的ip
            request.set_AclId(self.acl_id)  # 负载均衡安全组id
            response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)  # 执行操作
            logging.info(str(response, encoding='utf-8'))  # 查看调用接口结果
            self.send_mail(host, str="添加至黑名单")
            logging.info(f"slb添加异常IP:{host}成功！")
        except BaseException as e:
            logging.error(f"添加黑名单失败，原因：{e}" )


    #slb黑名单里移出ip
    def slb_del_host(self,host):
        host = str(host) + "/32"
        logging.info(f"正在解封IP：{host}" )
        try:
            client = AcsClient(self.accessKeyId, self.accessSecret, 'cn-hangzhou')
            request = RemoveAccessControlListEntryRequest()
            request.set_accept_format('json')
            request.set_AclEntrys([{"entry": host, "comment": "deny"}])
            request.set_AclId(self.acl_id)

            client.do_action_with_exception(request)
            self.send_mail(host, str="移出黑名单")
            logging.info(f"slb删除IP:{host}成功" )  # 查看调用接口结果
        except BaseException as e:
            logging.error("移出黑名单失败，原因：%s" % e)

    #发送邮件
    def send_mail(self,host, str):
        # 第三方 SMTP 服务
        mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"  # 设置服务器
        mail_user = "****@tan66.com"  # 用户名
        mail_pass = "*****"  # 密码

        sender = '******@tan66.com'
        receivers = ['*****@tan66.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱

        message = MIMEText(f'短信接口异常调用IP:{host}\n状态:{str}!', 'plain', 'utf-8')
        message['From'] = Header("短信接口", 'utf-8')
        message['To'] = Header("研发组", 'utf-8')

        subject = '短信接口异常调用'
        message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

        try:
            smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465)  # 465 为腾讯企业邮箱SMTP SSL端口号
            smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
            smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
            logging.info("邮件发送成功")
        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            logging.error("发送邮件失败，原因：%s" % e)


    # 删除slb文本里黑名单ip
    def del_text(self):
        with open(self.deny_file, "r", encoding='utf-8') as f:
            data = f.read()
        #logging.info("黑名单文件：%s" % self.deny_file)
        if data:
            d_list = []  # 解封ip清单
            with open(self.deny_file, "r", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                lines = f.readlines()
                # logging.info("lines:%s" % lines)
                for line in lines:
                    if line.strip().lstrip():
                        now_time = time.time()
                        time1 = line.split("  ")[0]  # 获取文本中被封ip的时间
                        time2 = time.mktime(time.strptime(time1, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'))  # 将时间转换给时间戳
                        time3 = int(now_time - time2)  # 解封倒计时
                        host = line.split("  ")[1].strip().lstrip()
                        if time3 > 7200:
                            self.slb_del_host(host)
                            d_list.append(host)
                        else:
                            logging.info("%-15s 预计%s 秒解封" % (host, 7200 - time3))
            for deny in d_list:
                shell = "sed -i '/%s/d' %s" % (deny, self.deny_file)
                os.system(shell)
                logging.info("文本中删除黑名单ip：%s" % deny)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    index_list = ["**-tomcat","**-tomcat","*****"]
    for index in index_list:
        s = slb(index)
        s.chack_log()
    s.del_text()