古代有一座汉诺塔,塔内有3个座A、B、C,A座上有n个盘子,盘子大小不等,大的在下,小的在上,如图所示。
有一个和尚想把这n个盘子从A座移到C座,但每次只能移动一个盘子,并且自移动过程中,3个座上的盘子始终保持大盘在下,小盘在上。在移动过程中可以利用B座来放盘子。
现在我编写一个程序(其实就是运用了递归思想)输入一个正整数,表示汉诺塔内的盘子个数n(1<=n<=64)然后输出移动的步骤。
步骤一:代码如下:
def move(x,y): print("%s --> %s"%(x,y)) def hanoi(n,one,two,three): if n==1: move(one,three) else: hanoi(n-1,one,three,two) move(one,three) hanoi(n-1,two,one,three) def main():#main函数 m=int(input())#输入盘子个数 hanoi(m,'A','B','C') main()
步骤二:执行代码,现在我输入4,即4个盘子,看看搬运的步骤是怎么样的:
附:用turtle画出步骤则更直观,也更有趣,下面用turtle画出搬运过程:
import turtle
class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.items = []
def isEmpty(self):
return len(self.items) == 0
def push(self, item):
self.items.append(item)
def pop(self):
return self.items.pop()
def peek(self):
if not self.isEmpty():
return self.items[len(self.items) - 1]
def size(self):
return len(self.items)
def drawpole_3():#画出汉诺塔的poles
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.hideturtle()
def drawpole_1(k):
t.up()
t.pensize(10)
t.speed(100)
t.goto(400*(k-1), 100)
t.down()
t.goto(400*(k-1), -100)
t.goto(400*(k-1)-20, -100)
t.goto(400*(k-1)+20, -100)
drawpole_1(0)#画出汉诺塔的poles[0]
drawpole_1(1)#画出汉诺塔的poles[1]
drawpole_1(2)#画出汉诺塔的poles[2]
def creat_plates(n):#制造n个盘子
plates=[turtle.Turtle() for i in range(n)]
for i in range(n):
plates.up()
plates.hideturtle()
plates.shape("square")
plates.shapesize(1,8-i)
plates.goto(-400,-90+20*i)
plates.showturtle()
return plates
def pole_stack():#制造poles的栈
poles=[Stack() for i in range(3)]
return poles
def moveDisk(plates,poles,fp,tp):#把poles[fp]顶端的盘子plates[mov]从poles[fp]移到poles[tp]
mov=poles[fp].peek()
plates[mov].goto((fp-1)*400,150)
plates[mov].goto((tp-1)*400,150)
l=poles[tp].size()#确定移动到底部的高度(恰好放在原来最上面的盘子上面)
plates[mov].goto((tp-1)*400,-90+20*l)
def moveTower(plates,poles,height,fromPole, toPole, withPole):#递归放盘子
if height >= 1:
moveTower(plates,poles,height-1,fromPole,withPole,toPole)
moveDisk(plates,poles,fromPole,toPole)
poles[toPole].push(poles[fromPole].pop())
moveTower(plates,poles,height-1,withPole,toPole,fromPole)
myscreen=turtle.Screen()
drawpole_3()
n=int(input("请输入汉诺塔的层数并回车:\n"))
plates=creat_plates(n)
poles=pole_stack()
for i in range(n):
poles[0].push(i)
moveTower(plates,poles,n,0,2,1)
myscreen.exitonclick()#代码参考https://blog.csdn.net/beerbread134/article/details/69226991
|