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用redis解决订单超发问题的4种方法

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 300~5000人抢100张票，保证不超发
import redis
import time
import threading
from redis import WatchError
from redis_lock import synchronized

REDIS_DATABASE = {
    'HOST': 'localhost',
    'PORT': 6379,
    'DB': 0
}
TICKET_NUM = 100  # 票数
PEOPLE_NUM = 3000  # 人数

rds = redis.Redis(host=REDIS_DATABASE['HOST'], port=REDIS_DATABASE['PORT'], db=REDIS_DATABASE['DB'])
rds.delete('ticket_num')
rst = rds.incr('ticket_num', amount=TICKET_NUM)

rds.delete('tickets')
values = ['' for _ in xrange(TICKET_NUM)]
tickets = rds.lpush('tickets', *values)


class TestRedis(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, t_num):
        self.t_num = t_num
        super(TestRedis, self).__init__()

    def run(self):
        # self.error_examples()  # 错误示范，多线程下会超发
        # self.optimistic_lock()  # 利用redis自带事务（乐观锁）
        # self.pessimistic_lock  # 自实现的悲观锁，比乐观锁快一丢丢
        # self.redis_list()  # 利用redis单线程特性，队列操作
        self.redis_incr()  # 推荐方法！利用redis单线程特性，计数器操作

    def error_examples(self):
        """
        错误示范，多线程下会超发
        :return:
        """
        ticket_num = int(rds.get('ticket_num'))
        time.sleep(0.1)  # 加上sleep效果更明显
        if ticket_num > 0:
            print('t_num=%s, ticket_num=%s' % (self.t_num, ticket_num))
            rds.set('ticket_num', ticket_num-1)

    def optimistic_lock(self):
        """
        乐观锁
        :return:
        """
        while 1:
            with rds.pipeline(transaction=True) as r_pip:
                r_pip.watch('ticket_num')
                try:
                    r_pip.multi()
                    ticket_num = int(rds.get('ticket_num'))
                    if ticket_num > 0:
                        r_pip.decr('ticket_num')
                    r_pip.execute()
                    return
                except WatchError:
                    r_pip.unwatch()

    @synchronized(rds, "lock", 1000)
    def pessimistic_lock(self):
        """
        悲观锁
        :return:
        """
        ticket_num = int(rds.get('ticket_num'))
        if ticket_num > 0:
            rds.decr('ticket_num')

    def redis_list(self):
        """
        减列表方式，防止超发。利用redis单线程特性
        缺点：消耗内存
        :return:
        """
        ticket = rds.lpop('tickets')
        if ticket is not None:
            rds.decr('ticket_num')

    def redis_incr(self):
        """
        利用redis单线程特性。
        :return:
        """
        time.sleep(0.1)
        if int(rds.get('ticket_num')) > 0:
            de_num = rds.decr('ticket_num')  # 当只剩最后一张票时，多个线程都取到1，同时减后会成负数即“超发”
            if de_num < 0:  # “超发”后补回。不继续操作
                print('Overshoot callback %s' % de_num)
                rds.incr('ticket_num')


tests = []
for i in xrange(PEOPLE_NUM):
    t = TestRedis(i+1)
    tests.append(t)

s = time.time()
for t in tests:
    t.start()
for t in tests:
    t.join()

print('result ticket_num=%s, time=%s' % (rds.get('ticket_num'), (time.time()-s)*1000))

 

redis_lock.py

# coding: utf-8
"""
    redis 分布式悲观锁，需要解决以下几个问题
    1、A获取锁后崩溃，需要能将锁释放
    2、A获取锁后处理时间过长，导致锁过期，被B获取，A处理完后错误的将B锁释放
    
    redis.Redis()会有些问题，连接最好使用redis.StrictRedis()
"""

import math
import time
import uuid
from contextlib import contextmanager
from functools import wraps

from redis import WatchError


def acquire_lock(conn, lock_name, acquire_timeout=1, lock_timeout=1):
    """
    获取锁
    :param conn: redis连接
    :param lock_name: 锁名称
    :param acquire_timeout: 获取锁最长等待时间，-1为永久阻塞等待
    :param lock_timeout: 锁超时时间
    :return: 
    """

    def should_acquire():
        if acquire_timeout == -1:
            return True
        acquire_end = time.time() + acquire_timeout
        return time.time() < acquire_end

    identity = str(uuid.uuid1())
    lock_timeout = int(math.ceil(lock_timeout))
    while should_acquire():
        if conn.set(lock_name, identity, ex=lock_timeout, nx=True):
            return identity
        else:
            pttl = conn.pttl(lock_name)
            # Redis or StrictRedis
            # 如果使用的是Redis , 可能会存在pttl为0 但是显示为None的情况
            if pttl is None or pttl == -1:
                conn.expire(lock_name, lock_timeout)
        time.sleep(.1)
    return None


def release_lock(conn, lock_name, identity):
    pipe = conn.pipeline(True)
    while True:
        try:
            pipe.watch(lock_name)
            if pipe.get(lock_name) == identity:
                pipe.delete(lock_name)
                return True
            pipe.unwatch()
            break
        except WatchError:
            pass
    return False


@contextmanager
def lock(conn, lock_name, lock_timeout):
    """
    with lock(conn, "lock", 10):
        do something
    """
    id_ = None
    try:
        id_ = acquire_lock(conn, lock_name, -1, lock_timeout)
        yield id_
    finally:
        release_lock(conn, lock_name, id_)


def synchronized(conn, lock_name, lock_timeout):
    """
    @synchronized(conn, "lock", 10)
    def fun():
        counter = int(r.get("counter"))
        counter += 1
        r.set("counter", counter)
    """

    def decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def wrap(*args, **kwargs):
            with lock(conn, lock_name, lock_timeout):
                return func(*args, **kwargs)

        return wrap

    return decorator


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import redis

    r = redis.Redis("localhost", db=5)

    id_ = acquire_lock(r, "lock", acquire_timeout=1, lock_timeout=10)
    release_lock(r, "lock", id_)
    with lock(r, "lock", 1):
        print("do something")


    @synchronized(r, "lock", 10)
    def fun():
        counter = int(r.get("counter"))
        counter += 1
        r.set("counter", counter)


    for i in range(10000):
        fun()