写自动化脚本时经常会用到异常处理,下面将python中的异常处理做一整理:
注意:以下所有事列中的111.txt文件不存在,所以会引起异常
用法一:try...except...else..类型
1.没有异常时运行:
a = 3
try:
print(a)
except BaseException as msg: #用msg变量来接受信息,并将其打印。其中BaseException为所有异常的基类,所有异常都继承与它
print(msg)
else:
print("没有异常时执行")
运行结果:
2.有异常时运行:
a = 3
b = 4
try:
print(a)
open("111.txt",'r') #使用open以只读的方式打开不存在的文件111.txt
print(b)
except BaseException as msg: #用msg变量来接受信息并将其打印
print(msg)
else:
print("没有异常时执行")
运行结果:
3
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '111.txt' ##该条错误信息是msg接收到的信息
上面代码中的print(b)并没有被执行,因为再该行代码的上一步出现异常
用法二:try...except...finally...类型
1.没有异常时运行:
a = 3
try:
print(a)
except BaseException as msg:
print(msg)
finally:
print("不管有没有异常都会被执行")
运行结果:
2.有异常时运行:
a = 3
try:
print(a)
open('111.txt','r')
except BaseException as msg:
print(msg)
finally:
print("不管有没有异常都会被执行")
运行结果:
3
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '111.txt'
不管有没有异常都会被执行
用法三:抛出异常(raise)
a = 3
try:
print(a)
open('111.txt','r')
except:
raise Exception('111.txt no exsit') #raise用于异常抛出
运行结果:
3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '111.txt'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module> #抛出异常
Exception: 111.txt no exsit
自定义异常
class TimeError(RuntimeError): #定义一个异常类,该类应该是典型的继承自Exception类,通过直接或间接的方式
def __init__(self,arg):
self.arg = arg
try:
raise TimeError("Network timeout") #自定义异常提示
except TimeError as e:
print(e.arg)
运行结果:
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